Rate and equilibrium stage based modeling approaches fundamentals of mass transfer. True boiling point center for energy resources engineering. Computer aided design of distillation column article pdf available in journal of applied sciences research 1117. Commercial natural gas is mainly composed of methane. Here, we reported the ideas of different processes of distillations and their steps. Deriving the differential equations of mass transfer derives the differential equations for mass transfer using the integral method and shell balances. Pressureswing distillation for minimum and maximum. To identify a simple liquid by determining its boiling point. Diffusion, ficks first law, mass transfer coefficients, film theorysurface renewal theoryboundary layer theory,cocurrent, counter current and. The process of distillation gives a variety of valuable chemical products. Distillation principles chemical engineering, 200711, rvce. Oil extraction, isolation of oil from animal byproducts, fleshy fruits such as the olive and palm, and oilseeds such as cottonseed, sesame seed, soybeans, and peanuts.
National programme on technology enhanced learning nptel is a project of mhrd initiated by seven indian institutes of technology bombay, delhi, kanpur, kharagpur, madras, guwahati and roorkee along with the indian institute of science, bangalore in 2003, to provide quality education to anyone interested in learning from the iits. You will be able to understand mass transfer mechanism and processes behind absorption and stripping. Introduction to column distillation distillation is the most common separation technique in chemical process industry, accounting for 9095% of the separation operations this is why more than a half of this course is devoted to distillation or column distillation, which includes binarymixture distillation. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. Petroleum refining overview in this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. It is especially important to do a perfect simple distillation when determining a boiling point for identification purposes. Pdf distillation familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into. Nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1 joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 1 of 9 module 5. The main goal was to create web and video courses in all. Distillation and absorption are two most widely used mass transfer processes in chemical industries. Other readers will always be interested in your opinion of the books youve read. Liquidliquid extraction is a common masstransfer operation in which a target solute material is transferred from a feed phase into a solvent. They just so happen to amount to ten, and have relevance across the profession. Click here for a list of nptel online courses for aicte fdp, jan apr 2019.
Fractions of crude oil such as lighter gases c1c4, gasoline, naphtha, kerosene, fuel oil, diesel etc. It also explains important chemical processes such as fluid flow systems, heat exchangers, chemical reactors and distillation systems using solved examples. Pressureswing distillation for minimum and maximumboiling. Mall,department of chemical engineering,iit roorkee. The stationary phase is a microscopic layer of liquid or polymer on an inert solid support, inside a piece of glass or metal tubing called a column a homage to the fractionating column used in distillation. Nptel, online courses and certification, learn for free. The true boiling point tbp distillation astm d2892 using a 15theoretical plate column and 5. Watch as brian greene provides a brief overview of the mathematics behind the higgs boson discovery. As a simplification, assume that the still contains only ethanol and water. Boundary layer theory and film theory in mass transfer tutorial of mass transfer operations i course by prof b. Stichlmair encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 1. This configuration can be economically used when changes in pressure significantly shift the composition of the. This paper compares the steadystate design and the dynamic control of these two methods when.
The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation commonly called atmospheric distillation to distinguish it from the vacuum method, except that largerdiameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapour velocities at reduced operating pressures. Mass transfer online course video lectures by iit kanpur. Petroleum refining petroleum refining vacuum distillation. Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its. Uses the mccabethiele graphical method to determine the number of equilibrium stages in a distillation column. The residue of distillation is coal tar pitch, which is further processed into coal tar pitch of desired chemical and physical properties. Industrial use distillation is technically the mosttt mature separation operation distillationisdistillation is veryenergyvery energy intensive, especially when the relative volatility, is low nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its feedstocks, product slate and the processes employed to convert crude oil and intermediate streams into finished products. Separation methods, system diagrams, nonideal mixtures, solving an exercise with mccabethieles graphical method there is a newer video where. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This is an idealized method to achieve the best possible separation in distillation, made.
Mod05 lec01 introduction to distillation and phase. Two of the most common methods for separating a binary homogeneous azeotrope are pressureswing distillation and extractive distillation. Whether youve loved the book or not, if you give your honest and detailed thoughts then people will find new books that are right for them. Flash calculations are used for processes with vaporliquidequilibrium vle. Liquidliquid extraction chemical engineering page 1. Aug 01, 2012 pressureswing azeotropic distillation uses two columns operating at two different pressures to separate azeotropic mixtures by taking highpurity product streams from one end of the columns and recycling the streams from the other end with compositions near the two azeotropes. Practica in process engineering ii distillation introduction distillation is the process of heating a liquid solution, or a liquidvapor mixture, to derive o a vapor and then collecting and condensing this vapor. Crude oil is first refined in an atmospheric distillation column. Optimization in chemical engineering by suman dutta. Sample chapters pressure diffusion equation for fluid flow in porous rocks 319 kb contents. No annoying ads, no download limits, enjoy it and dont forget to bookmark and share the love. Mod05 lec01 introduction to distillation and phase diagrams.
Distillation distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. The former is effective if the composition of the azeotrope changes significantly with pressure. Chemical engineering mass transfer operations i nptel. Provides information about academic calendar, notices, gtu results, syllabus,gtu exams,gtu exam question papers,gtu colleges. Mod01 lec01 fundamentals of separation processes youtube. When gas is drawn from the earth, it is a mixture of several gases and liquids. Never distill the distillation flask to dryness as there is a risk of explosion. The objective of product blending is to assign all available blend components to satisfy the product demand and specifications to. Prepare for examinations and take any number of courses from various topics on unacademy an education revolution unacademy indias largest learning platform login.
Estimate the feed rate, if the composition of the more volatile component in the feed is. This book discusses problem formulation and problem solving with the help of algorithms such as secant method, quasinewton method, linear programming and dynamic programming. You will be able to continue with a distillation theory and more mass transfer unit operation course andor separation processes course. Vacuum distillation unit page 18 of 83 nptel chemical chemical technology ii cthermal cracker. Find the flow rate of liquid entering into the enriching section in molh, rounded off to the nearest integer if the internal reflux ratio is 1. Comparison of extractive distillation and pressureswing. Crude pretreatment is the most important step of all to improve the crude quality and reduce the impurities.
Learn for free, pay a small fee for exam and get a certificate. Gas chromatography chemical engineering, iit bombay. Detemine the efficiency of fractional distillation. Pressureswing azeotropic distillation uses two columns operating at two different pressures to separate azeotropic mixtures by taking highpurity product streams from one end of the columns and recycling the streams from the other end with compositions near the two azeotropes.
Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical reaction. As of today we have 76,382,623 ebooks for you to download for free. Total reflux ratio and its applications in mass transfer by ankur bansal, the gate coach duration. Today distillation is the most important industrial separation technology.
Nptel video lecture topics for electrical engineering new no. Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering web course course outline this course will present an overview of the modern, integrated petroleum refinery, its feedstocks, product slate and the processes employed to convert crude oil and intermediate streams into finished products. Distillation is an important commercial process that is used in the purification of a large variety of materials. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Aug 15, 2014 distillation distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by theapplication and removal of heat. Ten troubleshooting tips chemical engineering page 1. Chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii nptel. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. Separate two miscible liquids, by semimicroscale process, using fractional distillation. As part of the imperial college lectures in petroleum engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, this book provides the introductory information needed for students of the petroleum engineering and hydrology. The latter method is effective if a suitable solvent can be found. Distillation is done on the basis of differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture. Fundamentals the basic principle of distillation is to bring a liquid into intimate contact with a vapor.
Distillation distillation is a process in which a liquid or vapour mixture of two or more substances is separated into its component fractions of desired purity, by theapplication and removal of heat. Distillation is a very old separation technology for separating liquid mixtures that can be traced back to the chemists in alexandria in the. Absorption, distillation, extraction, adsorption, drying. Definition distillation is a method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatility vapour pressure of the components in a boiling liquid mixture it is a unit operation, or a physical separation process, and not a chemical r. However, it also contains ethane, propane and butane in accordance with the specifications for natural gas in each country in which it is distributed. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams.
It is particularly well suited for high purity separations since any degree of separation can be. This configuration can be economically used when changes in pressure significantly shift the composition. In the simplest case, the products of a distillation process are limited to an overhead distillate and a bottoms, whose compositions. Product blending plays a key role in preparing the refinery products for the market to satisfy the product specifications and environmental regulations. Nptel syllabus petroleum refinery engineering mafiadoc. The imperial college lectures in petroleum engineering. Distillation columns and their process calculations. Another approach used by many authors, is the lumping of species, where different species are grouped by families chen et al. Mandal, department of chemical engineering, iit guwahati. True boiling point distillation tbp print this method, described in figure 4. A traditional approach to face this task is by defining a set of pseudocompounds generated from a true boiling point distillation curve as described in kaes, 2000. Dvorak, extension environmental engineering specialist sharon o.
National programme for technology enhanced learning is a joint initiative from iits and iisc to offer online courses and certification in various topics. Atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, cracking, hydrocracking, catalytic reforming, processes for lobs, coking, visbreaking, in a typical refinery. I majored in chemical engineering with a minor in industrial engineering back in 2012. The separation in distillation occurs when a mixture of compounds in the still is brought to boil. Mccabethiele method mccabe and thiele 1925 developed a graphical method to determine the theoretical number of stages required to effect the separation of a binary mixture mccabe and. Mccabe thiele nptel chemical mass transfer operation 1. Reactive distillation is a process where the chemical reactor is also the still. Chemical engineeering and chemical process technology vol. The distillation process can be carried out in continuous, batch or. Desalination is an interdisciplinary journal publishing high quality papers on desalination materials, processes and related technologies desalination welcomes submissions detailing work that is clearly connected to water desalting including applications of desalination to seawater, groundwater and waste waters, such as thermal, membrane, sorption and hybrid processes. Simple distillation may be a misleading term to the beginning organic chemistry student, since it takes a lot of practice in simple distillation to become proficient in this technique. The primary objective of coal tar distillation process is to produce a number of tar acid products from the crude tar. The instrument used to perform gas chromatography is called a.
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