Treaty of rarotonga pdf

Some resources listed andor hyperlinked on this page may be from. The treaty of rarotonga was signed in rarotonga cook islands on 6 august 1985, and entered into force on 11 december 1986, with the. Michael hamelgreen of victoria university in melbourne writes that while australia has generally been a strong supporter of nuclear weaponsfree zones nwfzs there are a number of initiatives that australia might take both within its own region and more broadly to strengthen regional denuclearisation initiatives. Treaty of tlatelolco treaty of rarotonga declarations made by nuclearweapon states on the occasion of the extension of the nonproliferation treaty absence of comprehensive and universal conventional prohibition of the use or the threat of use of nuclear weapons as such unlawfulness per.

Research the treatys or agreements background date, purpose, participants, ratification. Concluded at rarotonga on 6 august 1985 authentic text. Provisions the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty, known as the treaty of rarotonga, bans the manufacture, possession, stationing, and testing of any nuclear explosive device in treaty territories for which the parties are internationally responsible. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty iaea. State policy makers are therefore the primary target audience for the study. Provisions the south pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty, known as the treaty of rarotonga, bans the manufacture, possession. The essay then goes on to describe the content of the rarotonga treaty which the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Download fulltext pdf the south pacific nuclear free zone. Although india is not a party to the rarotonga treaty, and therefore not bound by it, the treaty imposes obligations upon australia that restrict. Those who signed were australia, cook islands, kiribati. A guide to rarotonga in the cook islands goats on the road. Australia, however, is a party to the 1986 treaty of rarotonga establishing a nuclear weaponfree zone nwfz in the south pacific ocean, article 4 of which provides that each party undertakes.

Registered by the south pacific bureau for economic cooperation on 2 jan uary 1987. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty of. The laws of disarmament and nonproliferation grades. On 6 august 1985 the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and selfgoverning countries of the south pacific australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu, vanuatu and western samoa, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty and opened it for signature. This treaty shall enter into force on the date of deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification. The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Michael hamelgreen, antinuclear campaigning and the south pacific nuclearfree zone rarotonga treaty, 196085, proceedings of the 14th biennial labour history conference, eds, phillip deery and julie kimber melbourne. Protocol 2 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty.

Protocol 1 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. Australia, the cook islands, fiji, western samoa, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the solomon islands, tonga, tuvalu and vanuatu. Technically cook islanders are citizens of new zealand and rely on the larger, more developed nation for governance and military protection, but in recent years the islands have become more and. The total land area of the country is 240 square kilometres, while the cook islands exclusive economic zone covers a maritime area of nearly. The treaty prohibits the testing, usage, creation, stationing, and possession of any nuclear weapons around the south pacific states.

South pacific nuclear free zone treaty with annexes. This growing skepticism about the spnfz treaty often called the treaty of rarotonga, has heightened tensions in the region, and one which will prove the. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty pdf download. International court of justice year 1996 1996 8 july. The western nuclear weapon states have also finally signed the protocols after france ended its nuclear testing program in march. For a signatory which ratifies this treaty after the date of deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification, the treaty shall enter into force on the.

The south pacific the treaty of rarotonga springerlink. Antinuclear campaigning and the south pacific nuclearfree. It was signed by the south pacific nations of australia, the cook islands, fiji, kiribati, nauru, new zealand, niue, papua new guinea, the. The instruments of ratification of the treaty were exchanged at rarotonga on september 1983. A regional approach to nonproliferation in the south pacific. South pacific nuclearfree zone spnfz treaty of rarotonga. The south pacific nuclearweaponfree zone foresees an iaea safeguards. South pacific nuclearweaponfree zone treaty treaty of rarotonga sections. The rarotonga treaty section 1 of protocol 2 also secures a nsa which both russia and china ratified in 1988 and 1989 respectively. Ambassador aryasinha noted that sri lanka also welcomes the establishment of nuclear weapons free zones in latin america and the caribbean treaty of tlatelolco, south pacific treaty of rarotonga, southeast asia bangkok treaty and africa pelindaba treaty in accordance with the guidelines of the united nations disarmament commission. With the entryintoforce of the pelindaba treaty, virtually all of the southern hemisphere and parts of the northern hemisphere will be covered by nwfzs. Several statements and working papers submitted by south pacific states to the 2017 nuclear ban treaty negotiations discussed the rarotonga treaty. Rarotonga is the most populous of the cook islands, with a population of 10,572 census 2011, out of the countrys total resident population of 14,974.

This treaty shall be subject to ratification and shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification. In contrast to the limited publication policy when the full text of an agreement may not be reproduced in the unts in its entirety, the objective of applying the partial publication method to a particular situation is to speed up the publishing effort by e. Papadimitropoulos the first regional approach to nonproliferation was achieved well before any other efforts were made towards the establishment of a worldwide nonproliferation. The treaty bans the use, testing, and possession of nuclear weapons within the borders of the zone. Is india a nonnuclear weapon state under the rarotonga. Regional initiatives toward a nuclear weapons free world. Dates for constitution day cook islands, 2020, 2021 and other years. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga pdf. Australia is presently in discussions with india to begin exporting uranium for indias civil nuclear programme. A regional approach to nonproliferation in the south pacific the south pacific nuclearweaponfree zone foresees an iaea safeguards role by p. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Similar to the treaty of tlatelolco, the south pacific nwfz was created as a result of a regional perception of an existing or imminent nuclear threat. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty rarotonga treaty. A treaty is a formal, written agreement between sovereign states or between states and international organizations.

A voyage to statehood introduction geography the cook islands comprises 15 widelydispersed islands in the south pacific ocean between french polynesia and fiji see maps i and 2. Treaty between the united states of america and the cook islands on friendship. The treaty of rarotonga was signed in rarotonga cook islands on 6 august 1985, and entered into force on 11 december 1986 with the deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification. Protocol 3 to the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga intermediaterange nuclear forces treaty inf. South pacific nuclearfree zone treaty treaty of rarotonga on august 6, 1985, the south pacific forum, a body comprising the independent and selfgoverning countries of the south pacific, endorsed the text of the south pacific nuclearfree zone treaty and opened it for signature. For treaties where the secretarygeneral of the united nations is not the depository, the. Considers signing protocol arms control association, april 1997 nuclear free zone in central asia enters into. These are the treaty of rarotonga in south pacific.

Done in duplicate, in the english and maori languages, of which english shall be the authentic text, at rarotonga this eleventh day of june 1980. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty and protocols state. It was signed by the south pacific nations of australia. The south pacific nuclearfree zone spnfz was established by the treaty of rarotonga, which prohibits the possession, acquisition, stationing, or testing of any nuclear.

Captain john dibbs, master of the colonial brig endeavour, is credited as the european discoverer on 25 july 1823, while transporting the missionary reverend john williams the cook islands parliament buildings and international airport are. The treaty of rarotonga is the common name for the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty, which formalises a nuclearweaponfree zone in the south pacific. Mikhail gorbachev, message to the heads of states and governments of the countriesmembers of the south pacific forum in connection with the ratification by the ussr of protocols ii and iii to the treaty of rarotonga, soviet news bulletin ussr embassy, canberra, no. The next nwfz to be established in a populated region was the 1985 treaty of rarotonga, which covers the south pacific.

The south pacific nuclear free zone treaty the treaty was opened for signature at rarotonga on august 6, 1985, and entered into force december 11, 1986. Michael hamelgreen, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty of rarotonga. Pdf download for the south pacific nuclear free zone. Significance and implications article pdf available in critical asian studies 182. South pacific nuclearfree zone treaty treaty of rarotonga pdf. The treaty of rarotonga was signed in rarotonga cook islands on 6 august 1985, and entered into force on 11 december 1986, with the deposit of the eighth instrument of ratification. South pacific nuclear free zone treaty united nations treaty. Except where otherwise specified, this treaty and its protocols shall apply to territory within the south pacific nuclear free zone.

The treaty of the spnfz is an indefinite treaty that is permanent in nature. South pacific nuclearweaponfree zone treaty treaty of. Rarotonga article about rarotonga by the free dictionary. An assessment of the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty by aukino talrea, content chapter i. Nothing in this treaty shall prejudice or in any way affect the rights, or the exercise of the rights, of any state under international law with regard to freedom of the seas. Tlatelolco, rarotonga, pelindaba, and bangkok treaties constitute about 45 percent of the earths surface. The treaty of rarotonga is considered an improvement upon the tlatelolco treaty in preventing the dumping of nuclear wastes and banning nuclear explosions even for peaceful purposes. The rarotonga treaty aims at creating a nuclearweaponfreezone in the south pacific. The interpretation of the terms waitangi treaty by the british went against which maori beliefs. Here is a map identifying the states that have signed and ratified the treaty. The working group used the treaty of tlatelolco, antarctic treaty, the seabed treaty, the ptbt and the nonproliferation treaty npt to guide its work.

The conference recognizes the continuing contributions that the antarctic treaty, the treaty for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in latin america and the caribbean treaty of tlatelolco, the south pacific nuclear free zone treaty treaty of rarotonga, the treaty on the southeast asia nuclear weaponfree zone bangkok treaty, the african. Nuclear nonproliferation treaty unrcpd united nations. Nuclear nonproliferation treaty i appeal to all states, including nonparties, to adhere to the nonproliferation and disarmament obligations and commitments under the npt. Rarotonga treaty south pacific nuclear weapons free zone treaty or spnwfz. South pacific nuclear free zone spnfz treaty treaty. In the early 1990s, only two models existed for nwfzs. Now, therefore, i, ronald reagan, president of the united states of america, proclaim and make public the treaty, to the end that it be observed and fulfilled with good faith on.