Home category mechanical engineering mcq questions and answers axial flow compressors. Efficiency curves of the 8stage axial flow compressor89 figure v7. University of michigan engineering recommended for you 48. Lecture 15 axial flow compressor design, inter spool duct lecture 16 design of compressor blades. Introduction a simple two dimensional analytical model 2d losses in axial flow compressor stage profile loss and blade performance estimation 3d flows in blade passages secondary flows, tip leakage flow, scrubbing simple three dimensional flow analysis full radial equilibrium equation freevortex and. Figure 182 is a schematic representation of an axialflow turbine, also depicting the distribution of the pressure, temperature, and the absolute velocity. Axial flow compressor c roots blower d reciprocating compressor. Axialflow compressors an overview sciencedirect topics. Centrifugal pumps the centrifugal pump produces a head and a flow by increasing the velocity of the liquid through the machine with the help of a rotating vane impeller. Design and analysis of stator, rotor and blades of the.
As a result of a large dynamic force act on the impeller or blading within the compressor. A m pradeep, department of aerospace engineering, at the indian institute of technology in bombay. Pumps, compressors, blowers and fans engineering toolbox. The variation of power, pressure ratio and efficiency of an axial flow compressor against flow rate is depicted in the fig. An axial flow compressor compresses its working fluid by first accelerating the fluid and then diffusing it to obtain a pressure increase chapter 7. The compressor from the previous example uses modulating controls. Lecture 1 introduction to turbo machines syllabus, references and schedules lecture 2 axial flow compressors and fans. Surging in a centrifugal or axial compressor occures when it is deprived of a minimum flow rate required through it at a perticular pressure ratio for. Mod01 lec01 introduction to turbo machines syllabus. Nptel video course aerospace engineering introduction to aerospace propulsion subject coordinator prof. The fluid is accelerated by a row of rotating airfoils or blades the rotor and diffused by a row of stationary blades the stator. Coordinate system for axialflow compressor figure 5 shows the pressure, velocity, and total temperature variation for. A set of static guide vanes or nozzle vanes accelerates and adds swirl to the fluid and directs it to the next row of turbine blades mounted on a turbine rotor.
The design and testing of an axialflow compressor having. Boyce, in gas turbine engineering handbook fourth edition, 2012. Positive displacement compressors cab be further divided into reciprocating and rotary compressors. A pump is a machine for raising a liquid a relatively incompressible fluid to a higher level of pressure or head. Pemp vortex theory rmd510 vortex theory is based on the radial equilibrium between centrifugal forces and pressure forces experienced by the flowing medium in a blade passage. In centrifugal compressors, energy is transferred by dynamic means from a rotating member or impeller to the continuously flowing working fluid. Aerothermodynamics of flow thru axial flow compressor. Due to this the components of the compressor such as thrust bearings, bearing, casing exposed to large changes in axial force on the rotor.
The turbocharger in many sports cars is composed of a centrifugal compressor and turbine. This differs from other rotating compressors such as centrifugal compressor, axicentrifugal compressors and mixedflow compressors where the fluid flow will include a radial. Axial turbine an axial turbine operates in the reverse of an axial compressor. The cylinder valves control the flow of air through the cylinder. Turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel online videos, courses. A generic definition of a p ump is a machine or device for raising, compressing, or transferring fluids.
Ive seen all sorts of designs, but have not yet figured out how to optimize for pressure over flow. Lecture on compressor indian institute of technology. However, i am interested in trying to build an axial compressor as i have some spare pc fans that can easily be converted. It can then be arranged multistage for greater proportions of compression. Introduction to compressor aerothermodynamics mod01 lec03 a two dimensional analytical model. Introduction to compressor aerothermodynamics lecture 3 a two dimensional analytical model. Axial seems to be optimized for high flow applications. Three dimensional flow analysis in axial flow compressor. The nomenclature and methods of describing compressor blade. Turbomachinery aerodynamics video course aerospace. The range of stable operation of axial flow compressor is narrow. Due to current capacity constraints, printed versions of our publications including standards, technical papers, edge reports, scholarly journal articles, books, and paint chips may experience shipping delays of up to four to six weeks.
Cascade lecture 4 2d losses in axial flow compressor stage. Virani 1pg student, 2assistant professor mechanical engineering department, rk university, rajkot, gujarat, india 1bhavesh. Axial flow compressor noise studies sae international. Differences between centrifugal and axial flow compressors. If flow is reduced below this point, cyclic variation and even reversal of gas flow and discharge pressure. The offdesign analysis of flow in axial compressors. Structural and conceptual design analysis of an axial. Centrifugal compressor is a machine in which a particular gas or vapor is compressed by a radial acceleration by an impeller with the help of a surrounding case. Read here to know about various types of air compressors used and get a clear inside view of each type of compressor with the attached pictures. Compressor application engineering, volume 1, compression equipment, gulf publishing co. The design having and testing of an axialflow compressor different blade profiles in each stage a. It is a rotating, airfoilbased compressor in which the gas or working fluid principally flows parallel to the axis of rotation, or axially. And for this reason axial compressors are being used in aircraft engines.
Design and analysis of stator, rotor and blades of axial flow compressor issn. During the surge, a significant mass gas will flow in the reverse direction. Introduction to fluid machines and compressible flow by prof. Since the two flow angles expressed this way are nearly constant, the temperature ratio becomes a function primarily of two variables, the tangential mach number mt. This book provides a thorough description of an aerodynamic design and analysis systems for axialflow compressors. The affinity laws for centrifugal pumps and fans are used to express the influence on volume capacity, head pressure andor power consumption due to.
Structural and conceptual design analysis of an axial compressor for a 100 mw industrial gas turbine ind100 d. Note that the affinity laws for pumps are not identical with fans. Mechanical engineering types and performance of pumps and compressors essam e. While axial compressors can accomodate more airflow than a centrifugal design of the same size, a rotorstator stage generally does not provide enough compression for most applications. Nptel video lecture topic list created by linuxpert. The centrifugal compressor is a dynamic machine that achieves compression by applying inertial forces to the gas acceleration, deceleration, and turning by means of rotating impellers. Compressors, gas turbines and jet engines mcq practice.
Each stage comprises of a row of rotor blades followed by a row of stator blades. An examination of fan noise as a state of the art design problem was undertaken using an axial flow fan design based on semi empirical but detailed algorithms for fan and blade layout coupled to a. Design calculation of blade design for axial flow compressor an axial flow compressor used in gas turbine engine has constant axial velocity throughout the compressor of 152 ms, blade mean velocity of 162 ms and it is delivered 10. Optimizing axial flow compressors for low flow high. It describes the basic fluid dynamic and thermodynamic principles, empirical models and numerical methods used for the full range of procedures and analytical tools that an engineer needs for virtually any type of axialflow compressor, aerodynamic design or analysis activity. The remaining 20% or less is axial flow machines intended for higherflow, lowerpressure applications. Lebelealawa2 1department of power and propulsion, cranfield university, cranfield, uk 2department of mechanical engineering, rivers state university of science and technology, port harcourt, nigeria. Generally, maximum pressure ratio achieved in a stage of axial compressor is about 1. Axial compressors however have the advantage of a smaller frontal area for a given flow rate, can handle higher flow rates and generally have higher efficiencies than cf compressors. What are the advantages and disadvantages of axial. The other type of compressor is the axial flow compressor. In a reciprocating compressor, a volume of air is drawn into a cylinder, it is trapped, and compressed by piston and then discharged into the discharge line. Cascade mod01 lec04 2d losses in axial flow compressor stage. Som, department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur.
Variation of the loss with the incidence for first rotor and n19600 rpm. Comparison between centrifugal compressor and axial flow compressors can be done in aspects like air flow direction, maintenance cost, torque requirement, multi staging suitable or not, pressure ratios conditions, frontal area, isentropic efficiency and performance at part load. Design of axial flow compressordesign of axial flow. Burrows communicated by the directorgeneral of scientific research air, ministry of supply. Axial flow compressors usually consists of a series of stages. Turbomachinery aerodynamics online course video lectures. Som,department of mechanical engineering,iit kharagpur.
The word turbo or turbinis is of latin origin and implies that spins or whirls around essentially a rotating blade row. A centrifugal compressor is one of its class machines in producing a pressure rise and is known as turbocompressors. Due care has to be taken to match the components for avoiding instability during operation when these compressors are used in gas turbine. The compression is largely influenced by a centrifugal pump. Khalil encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Minimum flow point in a centrifugal or axial compressor. The system reduces flow by 10% through a leaks program. Aerospace engineering turbomachinery aerodynamics nptel.
The axialflow turbine, like its counterpart the axialflow compressor, has flow which enters and leaves in the axial direction. Gurunadh velidi upes,dehradun introduction turbomachinery is classified as all those devices in which energy is transferred either to or from a continuously flowing fluid by the dynamic action of one or more moving blade rows. Aerospace engineering jet aircraft propulsion nptel. For larger turbines used on civil aircraft the most suitable compressor and turbine will be of the axial type. Vtunptelnmeict project progress report the project on development of remaining three quadrants to nptel phasei under grant in aid nmeict, mhrd, new delhi. The offdesign analysis of flow m axxl compressors 9. Nonpositive displacement compressor may be of axial flow type or. An axial compressor is a gas compressor that can continuously pressurize gases.
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